Correlated States in Moiré Superlattices
Moiré patterns in 2D materials are created by stacking two crystalline layers with a twist angle or a slight difference in lattice constants. The moiré pattern acts as a superlattice that dramatically modifies the electronic band structure, often leading to flat bands where the electron kinetic energy is suppressed. In these flat bands, electron-electron interactions dominate, giving rise to a rich variety of correlated phenomena such as Mott insulators, superconductivity, generalized Wigner crystals, integer and fractional Chern insulators, etc. Moiré systems, especially those based on twisted bilayer graphene or transition metal dichalcogenide heterobilayers, offer a highly tunable platform to explore these many-body quantum phases, controlled by parameters such as twist angle, doping, electric field, and magnetic field.